目前，湖北省已經(jīng)有五座國家歷史文化名城，分別為荊州、武漢、襄陽市、隨州市、鐘祥。這些城市的名字，是荊楚大地歷史文化的標(biāo)簽，它們是古老文化的搖籃，是民族精神的棲息地。在這里，歷史與現(xiàn)實交織，傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代碰撞，共同譜寫出一曲動人心弦的文化之歌。

Currently, Hubei Province is home to five national historical and cultural cities, namely Jingzhou, Wuhan, Xiangyang, Suizhou, and Zhongxiang. The names of these cities are the labels of the rich historical and cultural heritage of the Jingchu Land. They are cradles of ancient culture and habitat to the national spirit. Here, history intertwines with reality and tradition collides with modernity, together composing a moving and melodious cultural song.

荊州

Jingzhou

荊州古城 圖/荊楚網(wǎng)

荊州，位于湖北省中部偏南，地處長江中游，江漢平原西部，南臨長江，北依漢水，西控巴蜀，南通湘粵，又稱江陵。從春秋戰(zhàn)國到五代十國，先后有34代帝王在此建都，歷時515年。

Jingzhou, also known as Jiangling, is located in the south-central Hubei Province and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, west of Jianghan Plain, facing the Yangtze River to the south, bordering the Hanshui River to the north, strategically holding Sichuan Province to the west, and connecting Hunan and Guangdong Province to the south. From the Spring and Autumn Period (770 B.C.—476 B.C.) and Warring State Period (476 B.C.—220 B.C.) to the Five Dynasties and Ten States Period (907 A.D.—979 A.D.), 34 emperors had their capitals here for 515 years. 

荊州古城 圖/荊州文旅之聲

楚王車馬陣 圖/荊州文旅之聲

春秋戰(zhàn)國時曾為楚都城，秦置南郡，漢置江陵，唐為江陵府，明、清為荊州府治所，是我國歷史上的名城重鎮(zhèn)。江陵地理位置重要，水陸交通方便，三國時諸葛亮稱它“北據(jù)漢沔，利盡南海，東連吳會，西通巴蜀”，為歷代兵家必爭之地。

As the capital of Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, Jingzhou has been an important strategic city since ancient times. Jingzhou was established as Nanzhou Prefecture in the Qin Dynasty. In Han Dynasty it was Jiangling County. In Tang Dynasty it was established as Jiangling Prefecture. In Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty Jingzhou was the seat of Jingzhou Prefecture. For the advantageous geographic location and convenient land-and-water transportation, it has always been a town of great military importance. 

荊州博物館 圖/荊州新聞網(wǎng)

張居正故居 圖/荊州古城歷史文化旅游區(qū)

賓陽樓 圖/荊州文旅之聲

江陵（現(xiàn)荊州）氣候溫和，物產(chǎn)豐富，經(jīng)濟發(fā)達，是長江流域的重要商業(yè)城市。荊州城內(nèi)的文物古跡很多，著名的有楚紀南故城遺址、八嶺山古墓群、明代城垣，以及玄妙觀、太暉觀等古建筑。1982年2月被國務(wù)院公布為第一批國家歷史文化名城。

Jiangling(Jingzhou) is abundant in natural resources and enjoys a mild climate. With prosperous economy, Jiangling is an important commercial city in the Yangtze River Basin. There are a lot of antiques and historic sites in Jingzhou, such as the famous Site of Chujinan City, the Ancient Tombs at Baling Hill, the City Wall of Ming Dynasty, and ancient architectures such as Xuanmiao Taoist Temple and Taihui Taoist Temple. Jingzhou was among the first list of national historical and cultural cities as published by the State Council in February 1982.

武漢
Wuhan

圖/陳威霖

武漢，位于湖北江漢平原東部，長江中游，別稱江城。市區(qū)由隔長江和漢水鼎立的武昌、漢口、漢陽三鎮(zhèn)組成。龜山和蛇山雄踞大江南北，其形狀使武漢成為長江中游的咽喉，南北交通的樞紐，素有“九省通衢”之稱。

Wuhan, known as Jiangcheng (River City), is located in the east of Jianghan Plain, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River and its largest tributary Hanshui River meet in Wuhan and cut the city into three parts, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, namely “Three towns of Wuhan”. Turtle Hill and Snake Hill bestride on both sides of the Yangtze River, whose shape makes Wuhan the throat of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the transportation hub between the north and the south, enjoying the fame of “Thoroughfare of Nine Provinces.” 

圖/陳威霖

湖北省博物館 圖/哦嚯Wuhooo

武漢歷史悠久，自商周、春秋、戰(zhàn)國以來即為重要的古城鎮(zhèn)，盤龍城為中國最古老的城市之一。宋、元、明、清以來就是全國重要名鎮(zhèn)。

With its longstanding history, Wuhan has been an important city since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period. Panlong City is one of the oldest cities in China. And it has been a major city of China since Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. 

辛亥革命武昌起義紀念館 圖/新華社記者 程敏 攝

黃鶴樓 圖/陳威霖

武漢東湖 圖/湖北文旅小紅書

武漢還是革命的城市。辛亥革命武昌起義、“二七”大罷工、“八七”會議等都發(fā)生在這里。現(xiàn)存的革命遺址、名勝古跡有武昌起義軍政府舊址、二七罷工舊址、八七會議會址、向警予和施洋烈士墓及勝象寶塔、洪山寶塔、歸元寺、黃鶴樓、東湖風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)等。1986年12月被國務(wù)院公布為第二批國家歷史文化名城。

Wuhan is also a revolutionary city, where Wuchang uprising, the Great Strike of February 7, 1923, and August 7th Meeting all took place. Existing revolutionary sites and places of interests include the site of the Military Government of Wuchang Uprising, the former site of the Great Strike of February 7, 1923, the site of August 7th Meeting, the graves of martyrs, Xiang Jingyu and Shi Yang. Tourist attractions include Shengxiang Pagoda, Hongshan Pagoda, Guiyuan Temple, Yellow Crane Tower, and East Lake. Wuhan was among the second list of national historical and cultural cities as published by the State Council in December 1986.

襄陽

Xiangyang

襄陽古城 圖/襄陽文化旅游

襄陽，位于湖北省西北部，漢水中游。為中國歷史最悠久的地區(qū)之一。遠在60萬年前，人類已在此繁衍生息。襄陽以地處襄水（今南渠）之陽而得名。襄陽筑城于漢初。

Xiangyang, is located in the northwest of Hubei Province and the middle reaches of Han River. It is one of areas with the longest history in China because human beings have been living here since 600,000 years ago. Xiangyang got the name because it is located in the north bank (Yang) of Xiang River (now called Nanqu). Xiangyang City was first built in the early Han Dynasty. 

襄陽盛世唐城 圖/襄陽發(fā)布

圖/新華網(wǎng)

自東漢獻帝初平元年（190年）荊州牧劉表徙治襄陽始，襄陽歷來為府、道、州、路、縣治所。襄陽交通發(fā)達，自古即為交通要輳，素有“南襄隘道”“南船北馬”“七省通衢”之稱，歷來為南北通商和文化交流的通道。

Since the official Liu Biao started to administrate Xiangyang in 190 A.D., Xiangyang has been a administrative seat of all levels of administrative districts. Xiangyang has been a traffic hub since ancient times for its well developed transportation system. Known as “The Strategic Passage of North and South” and “A Thoroughfare of Seven Provinces”, Xiangyang has always been a passageway for north-south trading and cultural exchanges. 

古隆中 圖/襄陽文化旅游

習(xí)家池 圖/Pink武漢

峴山國家森林公園 圖/Wuhooo哦嚯 

襄陽文物資源豐富，園林較多，城西的隆中山為“三顧茅廬”“隆中對”的發(fā)生地，現(xiàn)有鄧城、鹿門寺、夫人城、隆中諸葛亮故居、多寶佛塔、綠影壁、米公祠、杜甫墓、習(xí)家池等勝跡。1986年12月被國務(wù)院公布為第二批國家歷史文化名城。

Xiangyang is rich in cultural relics and gardens. For example, Mountain Longzhong in the west of the city is the place where old tales about the “Three Visits to the Hut” and “Long Zhong Strategies” occurred. Other historical sites include Dengcheng City, Lumen Temple, Furen City, Zhuge Liang’s former residence in Long Zhong, Duobao Stupa, Lvying Wall, Mi's Ancestral Hall, Tomb of Dufu, and Xi's Pool. Xiangyang was among the second list of national historical and cultural cities as published by the State Council in December 1986.

隨州

Suizhou

圖/隨州日報

隨州，位于江漢平原與中原之間的過渡丘陵帶。是“西通宛洛，南達吳越，地當(dāng)荊豫要沖，扼阻襄漢咽喉”的鄂北重鎮(zhèn)。

Suizhou, is located in the hill transition zone between the Jianghan Plain and the Central Plain, Suizhou is an important city in the north of Huibei Province. 

圖/隨州大洪山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)

圖/炎帝故里

西周封為姬姓隨國，春秋時其地域為隨、厲、唐等國，戰(zhàn)國末楚滅隨，并厲、唐設(shè)置隨縣，秦漢因襲，隸屬南陽郡。西魏時升隨為州，唐、宋、元，明、清均置州，中華民國降州為縣。現(xiàn)存名勝古跡有文峰塔、歲公橋（李公橋）、烈山神農(nóng)洞遺址、烈山神農(nóng)碑、陜西會館鐵旗桿。

In the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 B.C.—771 B.C.), this place was canonized to Ji clan and named Sui State. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the territory belonged to the Sui, Li, Tang and other states. At the end of Warring States Period, the Chu State demised the Sui State and combined Li and Tang into the Sui County. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, it inherited the former system which was under the jurisdiction of Nanyang Prefecture. In the Western Wei Dynasty, Sui was upgraded to prefecture, and the same was true in Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became a county during the Republic of China period. The existing sites include Wenfeng Pagoda, Suigong Bridge (Li Gong Bridge), the Site of Shennong Cave and Shennong Monument in Mount Lie, and Iron Flagpole of Shaanxi Hall. 

圖/隨州市博物館

圖/隨州文旅之聲

古城保存有一段土筑城垣、漢東樓和護城河遺跡。城郊保存了大批古墓葬和古文化遺跡，其中著名的曾侯乙編鐘等珍貴文物出土于城西郊的擂鼓墩。唐代李白、北宋歐陽修曾游居于此。

The ancient city has preserved a section of earthen city wall, Handong Tower, and the site of city moat. Large quantities of ancient tombs and ancient cultural relics in the suburbs were under good protection. For example, the famous Chime-bells from the Tomb of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State were unearthed at Leigudun in the western suburb of the city. The poet Li Bai (701—762) in Tang Dynasty and the Scholar Ouyang Xiu (1007—1072) in the Northern Song Dynasty traveled to this area. 

大洪山金頂 圖/王運良 攝影

隨州千年銀杏谷 圖/韓起璞 攝影

抗戰(zhàn)時期，新四軍第五師在隨南九口堰建軍。李先念等于此通電就職，保存有新四軍五師司令部舊址。1994年1月4日被國務(wù)院公布為第三批國家歷史文化名城。

During the Anti-Japanese War, the 5th Division of New Fourth Army was founded at Qiukouyan in the south of Suizhou, where Li Xiannian (a former revolutionist of the Communist Party of China) was inaugurated. Today, the site of the New Fourth Army Fifth Division Headquarters is under good preservation. Suizhou was among the third list of national historical and cultural cities as published by the State Council in January 4, 1994.

鐘祥

Zhongxiang

圖/鐘祥文旅

鐘祥，位于湖北省中部，漢江中游，面積4488平方千米，人口105萬人，是楚文化發(fā)祥地之一，有文字記載歷史長達 2700多年，春秋戰(zhàn)國時稱郊郢，系楚國陪都， 明朝時是全國三大直轄府之一承天府所在地。

Zhongxiang is located in the central Hubei Province and the middle part of Han River, covering an area of 4,488 square kilometers, with a population of 10.5 million people. Zhongxiang is one of the birthplaces of the Chu culture with a recorded history of over 2,700 years. During the Warring States Period, Zhongxiang was called Jiaoying, as the alternative capital of Chu State. While in the Ming Dynasty, it was the seat of Chengtianfu province, which was one of the three provinces that were directly under the central Government. 

圖/鐘祥文旅

悠久的歷史，孕育了光輝燦爛的楚文化，造就了楚辭文學(xué)家宋玉、楚歌舞藝術(shù)家莫愁女等一批在歷史上產(chǎn)生深遠影響的人物；明嘉靖皇帝曾發(fā)跡于此，構(gòu)筑了全國最大的單體帝陵——顯陵和氣勢恢弘的明代建筑群。

With a long history, Zhongxiang fostered the splendid Chu culture and created a number of figures who had a profound historical influence in history, such as literator Song Yu of Chu Ci and artist Mochounyu. In the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Jiajing rose to power and position here. He ordered workers to build the largest individual imperial mausoleum-Xianling Imperial Mausoleum and magnificent Ming style architectural complex. 

大口國家森林公園 圖/鐘祥文旅

黃仙洞 圖/鐘祥文旅

黃仙洞 圖/荊門文旅

顯陵，原名獻陵，是明嘉靖皇帝的父親朱佑?xùn)z、母親蔣氏的合葬墓，是中南六省惟一的一座明代帝陵。旅游資源十分豐富，有國家級大洪山風(fēng)景區(qū)，國家級大口森林公園等自然景觀，特別是黃仙洞2萬多平方米的喀斯特地貌為世界罕見。1994年1月4日被國務(wù)院公布為第三批國家歷史文化名城。

Emperor Jiajing’s parents were buried in the Xianling Imperial Mausoleum, which is the only mausoleum of emperor in the six provinces of south-central China. In addition, Zhongxiang is abundant in tourism resources, such as the national-level Dahongshan scenic spot, and Dakou Forest Park. The Huangxian Cave covers a karst area over 20,000 square meters, which is exceptionally rare in the world. Zhongxiang was among the third list of national historical and cultural cities as published by the State Council in January 4, 1994.

來源：湖北文旅